The article examines the issues of the formation of the railway police of the Ukrainian SSR in the early years of Soviet power. The application of the experience of Soviet Russia, as well as the widespread use of its legislative acts, in the organization of the construction of the railway police in Ukraine is noted. The normative legal acts adopted by the authorities of the Ukrainian SSR for the purpose of forming the railway militia, defining its structure and functions, are highlighted. It is determined that the formation of the railway militia on the territory of the Ukrainian SSR during the formation of Soviet statehood was due to external and internal factors, among which it is necessary to highlight such as foreign policy tensions, internal armed confrontations, social tension, an increase in the criminogenic situation, an increase in crime on transport communications. It is established that the activities of the railway police of the Ukrainian SSR were based on common basic principles and organizational and legal foundations, principles approved and tested by the RSFSR. The structure of the railway police was formed based on the linear model of railway transport management. A linear directorate of the railway police was created on each railway, to which the district and district departments of the railway police were subordinated. The direct implementation of all tasks assigned to the railway militia, its supply of uniforms, weapons, equipment and other types of prescribed allowances, as well as the direct fight against various criminal acts and political supervision within the precincts, was concentrated in the precinct department, headed by the chief. The precinct departments of the railway police were accountable to the district departments, which were accountable to the line departments.
